Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Load-Bearing Mechanisms of Piles Socketed in Soft Rocks

Abstract Rock-socket pile design predominantly depends on the shaft resistance to support load at serviceability state. However, due limited understanding of pile–rock interactions, capacity is normally calculated using empirical correlations. In this study, load-bearing mechanisms rock-socketed piles were investigated through a miniaturised pile–load test setup in soft synthetic rock. X-ray CT imaging and numerical discrete element modelling used investigate micro-mechanics influencing interface. The model was established based suitable constitutive models capable simulating rock behaviour. analysis images various displacements revealed three different interface mechanisms, namely sliding, local shearing progressive shearing. validated observed asperities evolution damage micro-cracks. Insights from experimental results indicated that height significantly dictates failure mode. Results also illustrated load–displacement response primarily forces acting leading edges asperity. particular, it bottom edge carried predominant portion loads its connectivity with base pile. Though negligible, trailing provided valuable information contribution residual by debris Moreover, studies modes discussions presented study provide novel insights into socketed rocks, which will help improve guidelines future.